Understanding Tarantulas in the Philippines
The Philippines, with its lush biodiversity, is home to a fascinating world of tarantulas, attracting enthusiasts and keepers across the archipelago. These captivating arachnids, known for their impressive size, striking colors, and unique behaviors, have become increasingly popular pets. This comprehensive guide serves as a primer for aspiring tarantula keepers in the Philippines, covering everything from understanding these creatures to providing optimal care, ensuring a rewarding experience for both the spider and its keeper. Whether you’re a seasoned pet owner or a complete beginner, this guide provides essential knowledge to navigate the world of tarantula keeping.
What is a Tarantula?
Tarantulas are large, hairy spiders belonging to the Theraphosidae family. They are generally docile, with a lifespan that can extend up to 30 years for females, making them a long-term commitment. Tarantulas are not insects, but arachnids, sharing the same class as scorpions and mites. Their bodies are divided into two main parts the cephalothorax (fused head and chest) and the abdomen. They possess eight legs, spinnerets for producing silk, and fangs used for injecting venom. Though venomous, most tarantulas possess venom that is not considered dangerous to humans, though bites can be painful. Their primary defense mechanism is usually flicking urticating hairs from their abdomen, which can cause skin irritation.
Common Tarantula Species Found in the Philippines
Several tarantula species are found in the Philippines, each with its own unique characteristics and care requirements. Among the most popular are the Psalmopoeus irminia (Venezuelan Sun Tiger), known for its striking colors and relatively docile temperament, and the Heteroscodra maculata (Togo Starburst), a fast and more defensive species. Other species include the Phlogius species and other arboreal species that thrives in the tropical environments. Careful research into specific species needs before acquiring one is important for proper care and enjoyment.
Choosing the Right Tarantula
Selecting the right tarantula is the first step towards successful keeping. Consider your experience level beginner-friendly species include the Chilean Rose Hair (Grammostola rosea), known for its docile nature and easy care requirements. Research the species’ temperament, size, and care needs. Arboreal tarantulas, which live in trees, require vertical enclosures, while terrestrial species need more floor space. Always source your tarantulas from reputable breeders or suppliers to ensure the spider is healthy and properly identified. Avoid wild-caught tarantulas, as they may carry diseases or parasites and can be more difficult to care for.
Setting Up Your Tarantula’s Habitat
Creating a suitable habitat is crucial for your tarantula’s well-being. The enclosure should provide adequate space, proper ventilation, and appropriate environmental conditions. A well-designed habitat will not only keep your tarantula healthy but also allow you to observe its fascinating behaviors. Following these key setup requirements will help ensure your tarantula thrives.
Enclosure Size and Type
The size of the enclosure depends on the tarantula’s size and species. For terrestrial species, a good rule of thumb is a width that is at least twice the tarantula’s leg span and a length that is at least three times the leg span. Arboreal species require taller enclosures to allow for climbing. Glass terrariums, acrylic enclosures, and plastic containers are all suitable, provided they have secure lids and adequate ventilation. The enclosure must be escape-proof; tarantulas are excellent climbers and can squeeze through small openings. Ensure the enclosure is in a stable location, away from direct sunlight and drafts.
Substrate and Furnishings
The substrate, or bedding, provides a comfortable and safe environment. Suitable options include coconut fiber, peat moss, or a mixture of both. The substrate should be deep enough for burrowing species to create burrows and offer a place to hide. Add furnishings like cork bark, branches, and artificial plants to create hiding places and stimulate natural behaviors. Always make sure any decorations are secure and will not fall and harm the tarantula. Maintain proper humidity levels through appropriate substrate and occasional misting, especially for tropical species.
Temperature and Humidity
Temperature and humidity are crucial for tarantula health. Maintain a temperature range of 24-29°C (75-85°F) for most species. Use a heat mat or ceramic heat emitter if necessary, but avoid direct heat sources that could burn your tarantula. Humidity levels vary depending on the species; tropical species need higher humidity (70-80%), while arid species require lower levels (50-60%). Monitor humidity with a hygrometer. Mist the enclosure regularly, but avoid making the substrate too wet, which can promote mold growth. Good ventilation is important to prevent fungal infections.
Feeding Your Tarantula
Providing proper nutrition is vital for your tarantula’s health and growth. Tarantulas are opportunistic feeders, meaning they will eat a variety of prey. Careful feeding practices will help your tarantula thrive, allowing it to live a long and healthy life.
What to Feed Tarantulas
The primary diet of tarantulas consists of insects. Crickets, mealworms, roaches, and superworms are common choices. The size of the prey should be appropriate for the tarantula’s size; the prey should generally be no larger than the tarantula’s abdomen. Gut-load the insects with nutritious food (fruits, vegetables, and commercial insect food) before feeding them to your tarantula to ensure that the tarantula gets optimal nutrients. Variety in the diet is also beneficial, so offer different types of prey. Avoid feeding wild-caught insects, as they could carry parasites or pesticides.
Feeding Frequency
Feeding frequency depends on the tarantula’s age and size. Spiderlings (young tarantulas) need to be fed more frequently, usually every other day. Sub-adults can be fed once or twice a week, and adults can be fed once a week or less. Remove any uneaten prey within 24 hours to prevent stress or potential harm to the tarantula. Always adjust feeding based on your tarantula’s appetite and overall condition. A tarantula that is not eating may be preparing to molt or experiencing other health problems; observe its behavior closely.
Watering Your Tarantula
Fresh, clean water is essential. Provide a shallow water dish with fresh water at all times, particularly for juvenile and adult tarantulas. For spiderlings, you can offer water droplets on the side of the enclosure or on a piece of cork bark. Regularly check and refill the water dish, and clean it as needed to prevent bacterial growth. Ensure the water source is accessible and that the tarantula can reach it without risk.
Handling and Safety Precautions
Handling tarantulas is not generally recommended, as it can be stressful for the spider and potentially dangerous for the keeper. However, if handling is necessary, it should be done with extreme caution and understanding of the risks involved. Proper handling techniques will keep both you and your tarantula safe.
When to Handle
Handling should be kept to a minimum and only done when absolutely necessary, such as for enclosure cleaning or health checks. Some tarantulas are more docile than others, but even the calmest tarantulas can be unpredictable. Avoid handling if the tarantula appears stressed or defensive. If the tarantula is in pre-molt, do not handle it; it is particularly vulnerable during this time. Observe your tarantula’s behavior to understand its temperament before considering handling.
Safety Measures
If handling is unavoidable, do so close to the ground or over a soft surface, in case the tarantula falls. Never hold the tarantula high above the ground. Handle the tarantula gently, allowing it to walk onto your hand. Avoid sudden movements, which could startle the spider. Wash your hands thoroughly before and after handling. Be aware that tarantulas have urticating hairs, which can cause irritation. If bitten, seek medical attention and treat the bite. Remember that each tarantula is an individual, and its behavior may vary.
Common Health Issues and Prevention
Tarantulas are generally hardy creatures, but they are still susceptible to certain health issues. Knowing common problems and how to prevent them will significantly improve your tarantula’s health and longevity.
Moulting
Moulting is a natural process where the tarantula sheds its exoskeleton to grow. During this time, the tarantula will stop eating, may appear sluggish, and may spend more time on its back. Do not disturb the tarantula during molting. Provide a moist environment to help the process. After moulting, the tarantula’s fangs and body will be soft; do not feed it for a few days until its fangs harden. Monitor your tarantula regularly for this natural process and do not panic when the spider is upside down; this is a common and natural behavior before shedding.
Parasites and Diseases
Parasites, such as mites, can infest tarantulas. Regularly inspect your tarantula and its enclosure for signs of parasites. If you notice mites, isolate the affected tarantula and clean the enclosure thoroughly. Use safe methods to remove parasites, such as a q-tip soaked in water, and consult a vet. Fungal infections can occur in enclosures with high humidity and poor ventilation. Ensure proper ventilation, and remove uneaten food and waste promptly. If your tarantula shows signs of illness (lethargy, loss of appetite, discoloration), consult a veterinarian specializing in exotic animals.
Finding a Veterinarian in the Philippines
Finding a veterinarian experienced with exotic animals in the Philippines is essential. Research local clinics that specialize in reptiles, arachnids, and other exotic pets. Be prepared to provide detailed information about your tarantula, including its species, age, and symptoms. Many vets in the Philippines are able to provide excellent care for your tarantulas. Having a reliable vet on hand can help you with any health issues.
Breeding Tarantulas in the Philippines
Breeding tarantulas is a rewarding but complex endeavor. It requires significant knowledge of the specific species, meticulous planning, and a willingness to provide specialized care. If you are considering breeding tarantulas, it is important to know the legal requirements, ethical considerations, and the practical aspects of raising spiderlings. For beginners, it is essential to focus on successful keeping before attempting to breed tarantulas.
Legal Considerations
Ensure compliance with all local and national laws regarding the ownership and breeding of tarantulas. Some species may be restricted or require permits. Research the regulations in your area. Familiarize yourself with the regulations before acquiring or breeding tarantulas.
Where to Buy Tarantulas and Supplies in the Philippines
Finding reputable sources for tarantulas and supplies is crucial for the health and well-being of your pet. Doing your research will help you find high-quality tarantulas and the supplies you need to take care of them properly.
Reputable Breeders and Suppliers
Source your tarantulas and supplies from reputable breeders and suppliers. Look for breeders with a good reputation and positive reviews. Check for healthy specimens, well-maintained enclosures, and knowledgeable staff. Examine the tarantula carefully before purchasing it. This includes checking the spider’s body condition, behavior, and overall health. Ask for information about the tarantula’s origin and care requirements. Ensure the breeder has a good knowledge of the species. Quality suppliers can offer invaluable care and advice on owning and caring for tarantulas.
Online vs. Physical Stores
Both online and physical stores offer advantages and disadvantages. Physical stores allow you to see the tarantula in person and assess its health. They can also provide immediate access to supplies and offer immediate expert advice. Online stores may offer a wider selection and competitive prices. However, you cannot see the tarantula before purchasing it. Before buying online, research the seller’s reputation and shipping practices. Read reviews carefully before making a purchase.
Caring for tarantulas in the Philippines can be a rewarding experience, providing a unique opportunity to appreciate these fascinating creatures. By understanding their needs, providing a suitable environment, and following proper care guidelines, you can ensure your tarantula thrives. Remember to always prioritize the well-being of your pet, and enjoy the journey of tarantula keeping!